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                            <div style="color:gray; word-break: break-all; font-size:12px;">原英文版地址: <a href="https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/7.7/dynamic.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/7.7/dynamic.html</a>, 原文档版权归 www.elastic.co 所有<br/>本地英文版地址: <a href="../en/dynamic.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">../en/dynamic.html</a></div>
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<strong>重要</strong>: 此版本不会发布额外的bug修复或文档更新。最新信息请参考 <a href="https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/index.html" rel="nofollow">当前版本文档</a>。
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<span class="breadcrumb-link"><a href="index.html">Elasticsearch Guide [7.7]</a></span>
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<span class="breadcrumb-link"><a href="mapping-params.html">Mapping parameters</a></span>
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<span class="breadcrumb-node"><code class="literal">dynamic</code></span>
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<div class="titlepage"><div><div>
<h2 class="title">
<a id="dynamic"></a><code class="literal">dynamic</code><a class="edit_me edit_me_private" rel="nofollow" title="Editing on GitHub is available to Elastic" href="https://github.com/elastic/elasticsearch/edit/7.7/docs/reference/mapping/params/dynamic.asciidoc">edit</a>
</h2>
</div></div></div>
<p>By default, fields can be added <em>dynamically</em> to a document, or to
<a class="xref" href="object.html" title="Object datatype">inner objects</a> within a document, just by indexing a document
containing the new field.  For instance:</p>
<div class="pre_wrapper lang-console">
<pre class="programlisting prettyprint lang-console">PUT my_index/_doc/1 <a id="CO338-1"></a><i class="conum" data-value="1"></i>
{
  "username": "johnsmith",
  "name": {
    "first": "John",
    "last": "Smith"
  }
}

GET my_index/_mapping <a id="CO338-2"></a><i class="conum" data-value="2"></i>

PUT my_index/_doc/2 <a id="CO338-3"></a><i class="conum" data-value="3"></i>
{
  "username": "marywhite",
  "email": "mary@white.com",
  "name": {
    "first": "Mary",
    "middle": "Alice",
    "last": "White"
  }
}

GET my_index/_mapping <a id="CO338-4"></a><i class="conum" data-value="4"></i></pre>
</div>
<div class="console_widget" data-snippet="snippets/750.console"></div>
<div class="calloutlist">
<table border="0" summary="Callout list">
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top" width="5%">
<p><a href="#CO338-1"><i class="conum" data-value="1"></i></a></p>
</td>
<td align="left" valign="top">
<p>This document introduces the string field <code class="literal">username</code>, the object field
<code class="literal">name</code>, and two string fields under the <code class="literal">name</code> object which can be
referred to as <code class="literal">name.first</code> and <code class="literal">name.last</code>.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top" width="5%">
<p><a href="#CO338-2"><i class="conum" data-value="2"></i></a></p>
</td>
<td align="left" valign="top">
<p>Check the mapping to verify the above.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top" width="5%">
<p><a href="#CO338-3"><i class="conum" data-value="3"></i></a></p>
</td>
<td align="left" valign="top">
<p>This document adds two string fields: <code class="literal">email</code> and <code class="literal">name.middle</code>.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top" width="5%">
<p><a href="#CO338-4"><i class="conum" data-value="4"></i></a></p>
</td>
<td align="left" valign="top">
<p>Check the mapping to verify the changes.</p>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<p>The details of how new fields are detected and added to the mapping is explained in <a class="xref" href="dynamic-mapping.html" title="Dynamic Mapping"><em>Dynamic Mapping</em></a>.</p>
<p>The <code class="literal">dynamic</code> setting controls whether new fields can be added dynamically or
not.  It accepts three settings:</p>
<div class="informaltable">
<table border="0" cellpadding="4px">
<colgroup>
<col>
<col>
</colgroup>
<tbody valign="top">
<tr>
<td valign="top">
<p>
<code class="literal">true</code>
</p>
</td>
<td valign="top">
<p>
Newly detected fields are added to the mapping. (default)
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">
<p>
<code class="literal">false</code>
</p>
</td>
<td valign="top">
<p>
Newly detected fields are ignored. These fields will not be indexed so will not be searchable
but will still appear in the <code class="literal">_source</code> field of returned hits. These fields will not be added
to the mapping,  new fields must be added explicitly.
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">
<p>
<code class="literal">strict</code>
</p>
</td>
<td valign="top">
<p>
If new fields are detected, an exception is thrown and the document is rejected. New fields
must be explicitly added to the mapping.
</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<p>The <code class="literal">dynamic</code> setting may be set at the mapping type level, and on each
<a class="xref" href="object.html" title="Object datatype">inner object</a>.  Inner objects inherit the setting from their parent
object or from the mapping type.  For instance:</p>
<div class="pre_wrapper lang-console">
<pre class="programlisting prettyprint lang-console">PUT my_index
{
  "mappings": {
    "dynamic": false, <a id="CO339-1"></a><i class="conum" data-value="1"></i>
    "properties": {
      "user": { <a id="CO339-2"></a><i class="conum" data-value="2"></i>
        "properties": {
          "name": {
            "type": "text"
          },
          "social_networks": { <a id="CO339-3"></a><i class="conum" data-value="3"></i>
            "dynamic": true,
            "properties": {}
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
}</pre>
</div>
<div class="console_widget" data-snippet="snippets/751.console"></div>
<div class="calloutlist">
<table border="0" summary="Callout list">
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top" width="5%">
<p><a href="#CO339-1"><i class="conum" data-value="1"></i></a></p>
</td>
<td align="left" valign="top">
<p>Dynamic mapping is disabled at the type level, so no new top-level fields will be added dynamically.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top" width="5%">
<p><a href="#CO339-2"><i class="conum" data-value="2"></i></a></p>
</td>
<td align="left" valign="top">
<p>The <code class="literal">user</code> object inherits the type-level setting.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top" width="5%">
<p><a href="#CO339-3"><i class="conum" data-value="3"></i></a></p>
</td>
<td align="left" valign="top">
<p>The <code class="literal">user.social_networks</code> object enables dynamic mapping, so new fields may be added to this inner object.</p>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<div class="tip admon">
<div class="icon"></div>
<div class="admon_content">
<p>The <code class="literal">dynamic</code> setting can be updated on existing fields
using the <a class="xref" href="indices-put-mapping.html" title="Put mapping API">PUT mapping API</a>.</p>
</div>
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